http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.2, November 2002
Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
Entitled "Endorsements".
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
|
简体中文翻译：http://www.linuxfans.org/nuke/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=69454
繁体中文翻译：http://edt1023.sayya.org/license/fdl-zh.html
GNU 自由文档协议
版本 1.2, 2002年11月
版权所有 (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
允许每个人复制和发布这一协议原始文档的副本，但绝对不允许对它进行任何修改。
声明
这不是 GNU 自由文档协议的正式中文翻译。它不是由自由软件基金会发布的，在法律上
不代表使用 GNU FDL 发布的软件的术语，──只有 GNU FDL 的原始英文描述才具有这
样的效力。但是我们希望此翻译能帮助说中文的人更好地理解 GNU FDL 。
0. 导言
本协议着意于保证手册、教程或其它功能、用途的文档的自由: 以确保任何人不管在商
业领域还是非商业领域都可以复制和(修改或没有修改并)重新发布这些文档的自由。其
次，本协议保护文档作者和发布者由他们的工作获得的信誉不会因他人对其文档的修改
而受损。
本协议是一种"copyleft"，其含义为:文档的派生产物必须与原文档同样是自由的。本文
档是 GNU 通用公共协议(为自由软件设计的一种copyleft协议)的补充。
我们设计本协议供自由软件的手册使用，因为自由软件需要自由文档：一个自由的程序
附带的手册当然要享有与该软件同等的自由。不过本协议并不仅限于对程序的手册使
用，所有的文档作品都可以使用本协议。我们鼓励那些指导性质或参考书性质的文档作
品使用本协议。
1. 适用范围和约定
本协议适用于任何媒体上的任何手册或其它文档，文档版权所有者只需在文档中声明使
用本协议的条款发布。该声明允许了在后文中的规定下，在世界范围、免版税、无时限
地使用该作品。以下的"文档"都是指此类(使用GFDL发布的)手册或作品。公众的任何
一个人都是本协议的许可对象，这里将用"你"来称呼。如果你复制、修改或发布了这
些(某种意义上也可以说是在版权法保护下的)文档，就表明你已经接受了本协议。
文档的"Modified Version(修正版)"是指任何包含全部或部分文档的作品，不论是照
搬照抄还是经过加工修改或是翻译成其它语言。
"Secondary Section(附属章节)"是指定的附录或文档的前序部分，专门描述有关文档
主题的文档出版者或作者的相关信息 (或对一些相关情况进行说明)并且包含文档主题不
会直接提及的内容。 (如果文档是数学教材的一部分，附属章节或许连一点数学都不会
提到。) 这些相关信息可以是与主题有关的历史关联、相关事物或者相关的法律、商
业、哲理、道德或政治立场。
"Invariant Sections(固定章节)"是某些指定了标题的附属章节，固定章节做为文档
的一部分也象声明提到的那样，在本协议的保护下发布。如果某章节不符合上面关于附
属章节的定义，那它就不能被称为固定章节。文档可以没有固定章节。如果看不出文档
中有什么固定章节，那就是没有了。
"Cover Texts(封皮文字)"是那些简短的小段文字列，就象封面或封底的文字。封皮文
字做为文档的一部分也象声明提到的那样，在本协议的保护下发布。封面文字一般最多5
个词语，封底文字一般最多25个词语。
文档的"Transparent(透明，此处理解为兼容)"副本是指可以用计算机处理的副本，表
现为其格式符合一般通用规范，这样就适于直接用通用文本编辑器或通用绘画程序(对由
像素构成的图片)或那些被广泛应用的图像编辑器(用来绘图)修改文档，并且其格式适于
输入文本格式器或可转换为适于输入文本格式器的兼容格式。如果某副本(不论有没有标
记)为反对或防止读者的后续修正而采用其它格式，那么就是不兼容的。如果图片格式的
使用有任何实质性专利条文的限制，那么该图片格式就是不兼容的。文档副本的不
"Transparent"我们称为"Opaque(不透明，此处理解为 不兼容)"。
文档副本适用的兼容格式包括没有标记的纯ASCII码、Texinfo格式、LaTeX格式、 SGML
格式或XML格式这些公认有效的文件(格式)类型定义，还有与标准兼容的精简HTML、
PostScript或PDF这些便于编辑的格式。图片适用的兼容格式包括PNG、XCF和JPG。不兼
容格式包括用专有文档处理器才能阅读编辑的专有格式、使用非公认的文件格式定义和/
或使用非公认的处理工具的SGML格式或XML格式，还有那些机器生成的HTML及某些文档处
理器产生的PostScript或PDF等只用于输出的格式。
"Title Page(扉页)"是指刊印成册的书的扉页本身及附加下列有必要明显地保留的页
面：本协议要求在扉页出现的材料。象那些版式中没有扉页的作品，"Title Page"是
指在作品正文之前最显著的标题附近的文字。
章节"Entitled XYZ(题为XYZ)"意为文档某指定片断标题恰为或包含XYZ，后面括号中
用不同的术语解释XYZ。(这里的XYZ代指下面提及的特殊章节的名称，例如：鸣谢、贡
献、注记、历史。) 当你修改文档时，对此类章节要"Preserve the Title(维持标
题)"，就是说，要依据这里的定义保留该章节题为XYZ。
文档可能会在声明本协议适用于该文档的通告后包含免责声明。这个免责声明被考虑包
含到本协议的参考中，但仅仅关于免责：该免责声明的任何其它可能的含义是无效的，
并对本协议的含义不造成影响。
2. 原样复制
在提供本协议和版权声明，同时在许可声明中指明文档及其所有副本均在本协议保护
下，并且不加入任何其它条件到文档的协议的前提下，你可以在任何媒体复制和发布该
文档，不论是用于商业或非商业。你不可以对你 制作或发布 的副本进行技术处理以 妨
碍或控制阅读或再复制。不过，你可以因交换副本而接受他人给你的一些补偿。如果你
发布的副本数量大到一定程度，你还必须看看下面的第3节。
在与上述相同的情形下，你还可以出借文档副本和公开展示文档副本。
3. 大量发布
如果你发布了付印的文档副本(或使用其它一般有印有封皮的媒质的副本)数量超过100
份，你必须把副本用清晰明了地印有文档的许可声明所要求的封皮文字的封皮封装好，
这些封皮文字包括封面文字和封底文字。封面和封底还都必须写明你是该副本的发布
者。封面必须印上完整的书名，书名的每个字都必须同样地显著。你可以在封面添一些
其它素材做为补充。在满足了遵循对封皮改动的限制、维持文档标题等这些条件下，副
本在某方面上可以被视同原样复制的副本。
如果封面或封底必要的文字太多而导致看起来不清晰明了，那么你可以把优先的条目(尽
量适合地)列在封面或封底，剩下的那些接在邻近的页面里。
如果你出版或分发不兼容的文档副本数量超过100份，那么，你要么随同每份不兼容副本
带一份 可机读的兼容副本，要么在每份不兼容副本里或随同该副本指明一个计算机网络
的地址，让大部分使用网络的群众可以用通用网络通信协议到该处下载完全兼容的没有
附加材料的文档副本。如果你采用后一种办法，你必须适当采取一些慎重的措施：当你
开始大量发行不兼容副本时，要保证这些兼容副本在你(直接或通过你的代理商或零售
商)发布最后一份对应版本的不兼容副本后至少一年在指定的地址可以访问到。
在你对文档副本进行大量再发布前取得与文档作者良好的联系，这虽然不是必须的，但
是是有必要的，这样你就有机会得到他们提供的文档的最新版本。
4. 修正
你可以在上文2、3两节的条件下复制和发布文档的修正版，只要你严格地在本协议下发
布 承担了原来文档的任务的 修正版，这样就允许任何持有该修正版一份副本的人可对
修正版进行发行和修改。而且，你必须对修正版做如下一些事情：
A. 在扉页(如果有封皮，则封皮和扉页都要)使用的书名要与原来文档的书名明显地区别
开来，以及那些先前版本(哪些是需要区别的呢？如果原来文档有历史小节，那么历史小
节中列出的都是)。如果最初的发行人允许的话，你也可以使用相同的书名。
B. 扉页上必须列出作者、对修正版文档的修改负责的个人或团体或机构、文档的至少五
个主要作者(如果主要作者少于五个，就全部写上)，除非他们允许你不这么做。
C. 在扉页放上修正版文档的发布者的名字，如同(前面文档副本的)发布者那样。
D. 保留原有文档的所有版权声明不变。
E. 在其它版权声明附近为你所做的修正添加适当的版权声明。
F. 在版权声明后面立即接上允许公众在本协议下使用修正版文档的许可声明，其形式如
下面附录所示。
G. 在文档的许可声明里保留所有固定章节和封皮文字所要求的许可声明。
H. 放上这些许可证的一份原件。
I. 保留题为"历史"的章节，不要改动其标题，并且给它添加一条包括修改版的书名、
日期、作者、发布者的条目，就像扉页里给出的那样。如果原文档没有题为"历史"的
章节，你就建立该章节，创建一条包括原文档的书名、日期、作者、发布者的条目，如
原文档的扉页里给出的那样，然后再象上面规定那样，添一条描述修改版的条目。
J. 如果文档中给出了访问兼容文档的链接，你应该保护网址的有效，并且该网址还应该
提供该文档的前承版本。这些链结可以在"历史"章节给出。如果前承文档发布已超过
四年或者原作者在文档中提到不必指明前承版本，那么你可以在作品中略去其链结。
K. 原文档中的任何题为"鸣谢"或"贡献"的章节都必须维持其标题和章节中对每位贡
献者的谢词的原旨和感情。
L. 维持原文档的固定章节的标题和内容不变。当然，章节标号不属于章节标题的一部分
(可以改动)。
M. 删除原文档中任何题为"注记"的章节。这些章节可能是之针对原文档的。
N. 不要把任何已有章节标题改为"注记"，或改为与固定章节有冲突的标题。
O. 保留原文所有免责声明。
如果文档修正版包含了新的没有从原文档摘取素材的有附属章节资格的前序章节或附
录，你可以在自己的选择下指定这些章节的全部或一些为固定章节。你需要为修正版的
许可声明中的固定章节序列添加标题。这些标题必须与其它章节的标题明显地区别开
来。
你可以添加题为"注记"的章节，只要包含各方面对你的修正版的评议，例如：综合评
论或被某组织认可的某标准的权威定义的原文。
你可以在修正版封皮文字序列末尾添加5个词左右的书名和25个词左右的封底文字。一个
实体(进行出版的个人或组织)可能只会添加(或通过整理形成)一段封面文字和封底文
字。如果文档已经包含同样用于封皮的封皮文字(先前由你添加或由你代理的实体整
理)，你就不要再另外添加了；不过在添加旧封皮的原发布者的明确许可下你可以把旧的
替换掉。
本协议不允许文档作者和发布者用他们的名字公开声称或暗示对任何修正版的认可。
5. 合并文档
你可以在本协议下依据第4节里对修正版定义的条款把文档与其它文档合并起来发布，只
要你在合并文档里原封不动地包含所有原始文档的所有固定章节，并在你的合并文档的
许可声明中将其全部列为固定章节，而且保留其所有免责声明。
合并后文档只需包含一份本协议，重复的多处固定章节应该用单独的章节替代。如果重
复的固定章节只是标题相同，但内容是不同的，就在每一小段标题末端的括号里添加已
知的原作者或原发布者(的名字)，或给每小段一个唯一的标号。在合并文档的许可声明
里的固定章节中的章节标题也要做相应的调整。
在合并文档里，你必须把不同原文档的"历史"章节合并成一个"历史"章节；同样需
要合并的章节有"鸣谢"、"贡献"。你还必需把所有"注记"章节删除。
6. 文档合集
如果你对每份文档不论在哪方面都遵循了本协议的原样复制条款，那么你可以在本协议
下发布你以该文档和其他文档制作的合集，并以一个单独的副本来替代合集中各文档里
分别使用的本协议副本。
你可以从该合集中提取一个单独的文档，并在本协议下单独发布，只要你在该提取出的
文档中加入一份本协议的副本，并在文档的其他所有方面都遵循本协议的原样复制的条
款。
7. 独立作品汇集
文档和其它独立的不受本协议约束的派生文档或作品编纂在一个大文库中或大媒体上，
如果汇编作品的版权对该汇编作品用户的权利限制没有超出那些独立作品的许可范围，
该汇编作品称为"aggregate(集合体，这里译为：汇集或汇编)"。当文档被包含在汇集
中的时候，本协议不对汇集中该文档的非直承(不是以本协议发布的)作品起作用。
如果第3节中对封皮文字的要求适用于文档的该副本，那么如果文档在汇集中所占的比例
小于全文的一半，文档的封皮文字可以被置于汇集内该文档的内封页上，或是电子文档
中的等效部分(如果文档以电子版发布)。否则，必须将其现于封装整个汇集的印好的封
皮上。
8. 翻译
我们认为翻译是一种修改，所以你可以按照第4节的条款发布文档的翻译版本。如果要将
文档的固定章节用译文取代，需要得到版权持有者的许可，但你可以将部分或全部固定
章节的译文附加在原始版本的后面。你可以包含一份本协议、所有许可声明及免责声明
的译文，只要你同时包含其原始英文版本即可。当译文和原文有歧义的时候，以原文为
准。
文档中的鸣谢、贡献、历史等要求维持其标题的章节这里必须将其标题替换成当前译文
的标题。
9. 协议终止
除非你明确遵循本协议，否则你不可以对文档进行复制、修改、分授许可及发布。对文
档的任何其它(违反本协议的)意图的复制、修改、分授许可及发布是无效的，并且这将
自动终止你在本协议下享有的权利。不过，从你这里获得文档副本或权利的群体的协议
不会被终止，只要他们完全遵循本协议。
10. 本协议的未来修订版
自由软件基金会有时会发布新的 GNU自由文档协议 修订版。新版本将会和当前版本体现
类似的精神，但在处理某些新的问题和利害关系的细节上会有所不同。参见http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/。
本协议的每个版本都有一个唯一的版本号。如果文档指定遵循一个特定的本协议版本"或
任何后续版本"，你可以选择遵循指定版本或自由软件基金会发布的任何后续(非草案)版
本的条款和条件。如果文档没有指定本许可证的版本，那么你可以选择遵循任何自由软
件基金会已发布的(非草案)版本。
怎样对你的文档使用 GNU 自由文档协议
要使用本许可证发布你写的文档，请在文档中包含本协议的一个副本，并在紧接扉页之
后加入如下版权声明与许可声明：
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
如果你有固定章节、封面文字和封底文字，请将"with...Texts."一行替换为：
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
如果你有固定章节而没有封皮文字或上述三项的其它组合，将以上两个方法结合使用以
满足实际情况。
如果你的文档包含有意义的程序代码范例，我们建议你将这些范例相应地使用你选择的
自由软件协议发布，比如 GNU 通用公共协议，以授权它们作为自由软件使用。#|